Scanning cellular networks is an important part of your system design and can optimise your solution but what happens when things don’t go to plan? When networks are discovered which are not expected or networks can’t be found in a known good location?
In this application note, we explain how to enable SNYPER debug logging to capture low level data from the SNYPER to allow Siretta engineers to investigate further.

What SNYPER debug log does?

The SNYPER debug log records internal events from the radio interface and operating system status messages generated by the software during its operation. These elements combine to provide a detailed breakdown of what is happening ‘under-the-bonnet’. With this detailed information Siretta engineers can evaluate the survey performed in detail and diagnose and troubleshoot any anomalies that are discovered.

How to turn SNYPER debug logging on?

1) Power on your SNYPER and wait for the menu system to appear

2) Navigate to ‘Setup’ and select

3) Navigate to ‘System’ and select

4) Activate the tick on ‘Debug log enabled’ to turn on logging

How to use SNYPER debug logging?

1) Navigate to ‘Survey’ and choose your survey options

2) Perform the survey in the location where an anomaly has been seen previously

3) Wait for the survey to complete

How to send the SNYPER debug log to Siretta?

1) Navigate to the ‘USB HDD Enable’ and select

2) Follow the on screen instructions

3) Navigate to the SNYPER HDD in your file manager

4) Locate the ‘debug-log.bin’ file and email it to your Siretta contact.

5) Alternatively send an email to ‘support@siretta.com’ explaining the anomaly and attach the log file

6) Siretta engineering will try and get back to you within 48 hours

The post Enable SNYPER Debug Logging appeared first on Siretta Limited.

This document describes how to use advanced features with a Siretta Industrial Modem.

The modems covered by this document are listed below:

• ZETA-xxP-LTEM (GL) – LTE Cat M & LTE NB IoT Global Industrial Modem
• ZETA-xxP-LTE1 (EU) – LTE Cat 1 European Industrial Modem
• ZETA-xxP-LTE4 (EU) – LTE Cat 4 European Industrial Modem

The topics covered by the document are listed below:

• COM Port Setup
• Download Web Page Example
• Upload and Download File Using FTP Example

Requirements

1. Siretta Industrial Modem
2. Data enabled 2G/3G/4G/LTE Cat M SIM card for 2G/3G/4G/LTE Cat M enabled modems / data enabled LTE Cat NB IoT SIM card for LTE Cat NB IoT enabled modems
3. Cellular antenna with SMA female connector

First steps

• Insert the SIM card in to the modem and attach the antenna.
• Power up the modem and wait for at least 40 seconds for the unit to power on and register to the network.
• Connect the modem to the PC serial port.

COM Port Setup

Step 1) Open TeraTerm (or your preferred terminal emulator: PuTTY,Hyperterminal,RealTerm)

Step 2) Select new connection

Step 3) Setup the COM port for your connection.

Step 4) Configure the port with the following settings (These settings are standard for all Siretta Industrial Modems):

• Bits per second: 115200
• Data bits: 8
• Parity: None
• Stop bits: 1
• Flow control: none

Step 5) Send AT commands to the unit. Send the initial ‘AT’ command to determine the serial communication with the modem is working correctly. If communication is successful. you will get an ‘OK’ response from the modem. You can then issue any other commands as required.

Download Web Page Example

Connect TCP socket to web server IP address or domain

Configure the terminal emulator to enable line feeds with carriage returns: <CR> + <LF> as shown in the figure below (Example using TeraTerm)

Type in the following

AT#SD=1,0,xxxx,”y.y.y.y”

//Example to download google home page

AT#SD=1,0,80,”www.google.com”

//Receive following when connection is established to server socket:

CONNECT

//Type the following to the server socket connection

GET / HTTP/1.1<CR><LF>

NOTE:

1. There are two new lines after the GET / HTTP/1.1 statement
2. When executed this will send GET / HTTP/1.1<CR><LF> to the listening server but you will not see the output on the screen as it is being pushed directly to the listening server
3. Upon receipt of this command to the server it will respond

//You will receive the following:

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Start Webpage download
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

CONNECT

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 13:55:34 GMT

Expires: -1

Cache-Control: private, max-age=0

Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1

P3P: CP=”This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info.”

Server: gws

X-XSS-Protection: 0

X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

Set-Cookie: 1P_JAR=2019-08-29-13; expires=Sat, 28-Sep-2019 13:55:34 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; SameSite=none

Set-Cookie: NID=188=FJKdKxOBjEzmYQWKp_7igZim-y8go9KRRVgh_m9FmUjGgh8H00Fn7-sOWlRm7cy3eS9XahMaYZ84YL2RCo8GFX-Zrd_JjBp0fYsHdOqgAb7HH9BdqThWyuJFdQJoP9Rvv3qj1FAZTeZqGijreSRU6pd_89xthpwucbM76Ltbg_A; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2020 13:55:34 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly

Accept-Ranges: none

Vary: Accept-Encoding

Transfer-Encoding: chunked

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NO CARRIER

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//Finish Webpage download
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//Receive following when connection is dropped (Serial port no longer connected to server socket):

NO CARRIER

NOTE:

When connecting to a server to download the webpage content the following should be considered:

1. You can use the IP address or domain name in the “y.y.y.y” field for the server you wish to contact
2. Using port 80 will allow you to access the HTTP data from the server, but it will be shown as HTML and Javascript code and not nicely rendered

Upload and Download File Using FTP Example

Connect embedded FTP client to the remote FTP sever

AT#FTPOPEN=”IP address:port / Domain:port”,”FTP Username”,”FTP Password”

//Example to connect to Siretta Test FTP Server (The password has not been shown for security purposes):

AT#FTPOPEN=”ftp.siretta.com”,”ftptest@siretta.com”,”xxxxxxxxxxxx”

//Receive following when connection is established to FTP server:

OK

//Type the following to list the files in the directory

AT#FTPLIST

//You will receive the following:

CONNECT

drwxr-xr-x 2 sirettacom sirettacom 4096 Aug 29 15:13 .

drwxr-xr-x 2 sirettacom sirettacom 4096 Aug 29 15:13 ..

-rw——- 1 sirettacom sirettacom 4 Aug 29 15:13 .ftpquota

NO CARRIER

//To upload a file to the server type the following where ‘uploadfile.txt’ is the file name:

AT#FTPPUT=”uploadfile.txt”

//You will receive the following:

CONNECT

//Now you can type the contents to be stored in the file and use the escape sequence ‘+++’ to save the file. When the file is saved you will see the following:

NO CARRIER

//Type the following to list the files in the directory

AT#FTPLIST

//You will receive the following:

CONNECT

drwxr-xr-x 2 sirettacom sirettacom 4096 Aug 29 15:18 .

drwxr-xr-x 2 sirettacom sirettacom 4096 Aug 29 15:18 ..

-rw——- 1 sirettacom sirettacom 4 Aug 29 15:13 .ftpquota

-rw-r–r– 1 sirettacom sirettacom 36 Aug 29 15:18 uploadfile.txt

NO CARRIER

//To download the file to the local device type the following where ‘uploadfile.txt’ is the file name:

AT#FTPGET=”uploadfile.txt”

//You will receive the following:

CONNECT

hello this is the uploaded file data

NO CARRIER

NOTE:

When connecting to an FTP server to download files the contents of the files will be downloaded in their RAW format:

1. You can use the IP address or domain name in the “y.y.y.y” field for the server you wish to contact.
2. Using port 21 will allow you to access the FTP server directory on the server, you can browse the directories but any file downloaded will be shown as RAW data.
3. To save the file to the local machine you will need to copy the RAW file contents in to a local document with the correct file extension.

The post Enhanced Modem Functions appeared first on Siretta Limited.

To debug your device’s connection status in the field, the SirettaLINK device uses a number of LED error codes to indicate it’s connection states. The Red, Green and Blue LED’s all refer to different elements of the system which are described in more detail below. Monitor each LED colour flash code in isolation to work through the device’s status.

Cellular Registration Status (Red LED)

The Red LED indicates the registration status of the cellular connection. If the device is not registered to the cellular network it is not possible for the unit to communicate to the SirettaLINK portal or the configured end equipment.

Connection Status
Solid On – Not registered to cellular network
Flash (1Hz) – Registered to cellular network

Optimum Status
Flash (1Hz) – Connected to Network

SirettaLINK Registration Status (Green LED)

The Green LED indicates the connection status of the SirettaLINK portal. If the device is able to sync correctly to the SirettaLINK portal the LED is solid on. The Green LED also indicates the SirettaLINK device power on sequence.

Connection Status
Flash (4Hz) – Initialising device
Flash (3Hz) – Registering to network
Flash (2Hz) – Obtaining IP address
Flash (1Hz) – Connecting to server
Solid On – Synchronised to SirettaLINK portal

Optimum Status
Solid On – Connected and Synced

Server Registration Status (Blue LED)

The Blue LED indicates the connection status of the client defined server. If the device is able to connect to the client’s defined server the LED is solid on. The BLue LED also indicates connectivity error codes.

Connection Status
Flash (4Hz) – Initialising device
Flash (2Hz) – Online device state
Flash (1Hz) – Idle waiting state
Solid On – Connected to client server

Error Status Codes
Pulse (1 short – 1 long) – Connection failure
Pulse (1 short – 2 long) – Local disconnect
Pulse (1 short – 3 long) – Remote disconnect

Optimum Status
Solid On – Connected and Communicating

Bootloader Status (Alternating Green & Blue)

Bootloader mode allows you to update the SirettLINK software, cellular module firmware and configure SIM APN settings using the SirettaSPARK Configuration Tool.

The post SirettaLINK LED Status Codes appeared first on Siretta Limited.

To interface your registered SirettaLINK devices with third-party systems there is an integrated API to dynamically push data to your connected systems. The API functionality is simple to implement and you can turn on and off features as required per device. You can specify the API settings within a device profile so that all of your devices can share the same set of features and push data seamlessly in to your preferred management system.

API Callback URL

The ‘Callback URL’ is where all of the SirettaLINK API push requests are sent. This URL must be a valid URL which is capable of receiving information on the HTTP (port 80) or HTTPS (port 443). The data received at the ‘Callback URL’ can be processed in real time and used to update your system with a device’s status or information about how a device is performing.

API Callback Password

The API Callback Password can be used to identify your API callback requests on the third party application to verify that the API callback is legitimate. The API Callback Password is generated by the system and is unique for each device. The API Callback Password is optional and is not required for the third party application to process the posted data.

Supported API Functions

• Report Online Status – This function informs third party systems of the device’s online status. When the device comes online or goes offline this command is triggered
• Report Add New Devices – When a new SirettaLINK device is added to the system and comes online for the first time this command is triggered
• Report Data Usage – This function is triggered on the API schedule and can be set to update on the required basis to inform you of a device’s operating performance
• Report Software Changes – This function is triggered when a device’s software is changed. This will indicate when an update is initiated and when it has completed

API Callback PHP Scripts

The API callback functions have been defined and implemented on the SirettaLINK portal to interface with third party systems. The download includes examples for each of the API callback functions and can be used to develop your own application or to integrate with a third party system. It has been written in PHP and has been tested to operate correctly with the current latest version of PHP.

You can download the API examples once you have logged in to your SirettaLINK account and the API examples can be found under the ‘Help’ tab.

The post SirettaLINK API appeared first on Siretta Limited.

Once you have registered your first device to the portal it will automatically download the default device profile “New Connection Profile”.

NOTE: This profile selected by default until you change the default profile to a different defined profile.

The “New Connection Profile” default profile allows you to test the devices connectivity to the Siretta Cloud Gateway Test Server. This Gateway Test Server sends a regular ping to the connected SL500 device to demonstrate server to device communication.

When the device initially connects to the Siretta Cloud Gateway Test Server you will be presented with the following information.
—————————————————————–
Hello, you are connected to the Siretta Cloud Gateway Server
—————————————————————–
Connection started at 00:33:11 on 2021-05-14
Your IP is 92.15.27.68
—————————————————————–

After around 15 seconds you will receive a ping from the server to demonstrate dynamically pushed data which is formatted as shown below.
2021-05-14 00:33:26 – 0 – PING

Every 15 seconds following this you will receive a ping from the server which is indexed and timestamped.

This is so that you can track a number of received ping messages over a longer period of time and check the system is reliably communicating to the SL500 hardware as shown below.

2021-05-14 00:33:41 – 1 – PING
2021-05-14 00:33:56 – 2 – PING
2021-05-14 00:34:11 – 3 – PING
2021-05-14 00:34:26 – 4 – PING
2021-05-14 00:34:41 – 5 – PING
2021-05-14 00:34:56 – 6 – PING
2021-05-14 00:35:11 – 7 – PING
2021-05-14 00:35:26 – 8 – PING

Create Device Profile

You can define your own device profiles which configure your SirettaLINK devices to connect to your remote equipment.

There are far too many different application ideas and specific requirements to accommodate with default profiles so the portal has been designed to allow users to develop and define their own device profiles.

To create a ‘Device Profile’ using active hardware

The easiest way to create your device profile is to configure your active device to with your intended solution. Once you have set the parameters and optimised the connectivity schedule, operating mode, serial port parameters and SIM settings you will be in a position to start testing the profile on your SirettaLINK device in the intended application.
Once testing has been completed and you are happy with the device reliability and configuration is working as expected, you can then save the device’s settings as a new profile on the ‘Save’ tab. Once you have done this then there will be a new device profile listed under “Profile”.

To create a ‘Device Profile’ using pre-defined settings

To create a new device profile using system defaults, you can add a new profile directly using the ‘Add Profile’ button to create a new profile on the portal. You can find this on the “Profile” section using the ‘+’ button.

To use a ‘Device Profile’ on your SirettaLINK devices

Once you have saved your device profile on the portal you can immediately start using it on any existing device by editing the device’s settings and selecting the name of the new profile. This will replace the device’s existing settings with the new profile settings and allow you to start using the new profile on that device.

To configure new devices to use a specific ‘Device Profile’

If you want your device profile to be automatically downloaded to any new devices which are added to the system, then you can easily do this in the “Profile” section. You simply need to select the name of the profile from the ‘Auto Add Device Profile’ dropdown. This profile will now be used for all new devices which are added to the system.

The post SirettaLINK Device Profiles appeared first on Siretta Limited.

The SirettaLINK solution supports three different modes of operation. The three modes of operation allow for device to server initiated connections, device to server initiated persistent connections and server to device initiated connections. Once the connection has been initiated and communication is established between the server and the device, the communication channel is bi-directional and either side of the connection can send data to the other.

NOTE: For server initiated communication the device will require a public fixed IP SIM card which the remote location can access over the internet.

Client Connect Mode

The SirettaLINK device initiates the connection to the client server when data is available to send on the RS232 serial port. Once connected, the SirettaLINK device can send data to the client server and the client server can send data to the SirettaLINK device. After the specified RX timeout, the SirettaLINK device will disconnect from the client server and will wait until more data is available to send to the client server.
To configure and use ‘Client Connect Mode’ you must specify the IP address and TCP port of the listening client server. The SirettaLINK device will open a data socket connection to the listening client server when there is data available to send on the RS232 serial port.

Client Maintain Mode

The SirettaLINK device initiates the connection to the client server at power up and maintains a persistent connection with the client server which is available permanently. Once connected, the SirettaLINK device can send data to the client server and the client server can send data to the SirettaLINK device. The SirettaLINK device will not disconnect from the client server and will remain connected and available to send data until the network connection is lost or the device is powered off.
To configure and use ‘Client Maintain Mode’ you must specify the IP address and TCP port of the listening client server. The SirettaLINK device will open a persistent data socket connection to the listening client server and maintain the connection permanently.

Server Listen Mode

The SirettaLINK device listens for an incoming data connection from the defined client server. Once the client server has established a data connection to the SirettaLINK device it can send or receive data from the client server. After the specified RX timeout, the SirettaLINK device will disconnect from the client server and will start listening again for a new incoming data connection from a remote location.
To configure and use ‘Server Listen Mode’ you must specify the listening TCP port on the SiretaLINK device and use a fixed IP address SIM card. To connect to the SirettaLINK device you need to open a data socket connection to the fixed IP address of the SIM card on the specified listening TCP port.

The post SirettaLINK Operating Modes appeared first on Siretta Limited.

What do you need to know about LTE/5G Band Coverage?

4G LTE and 5G NR cellular have many different bands of operation compared with 2G GSM and 3G UMTS cellular systems. To add to the complexity, NBIoT uses a subset of the available LTE frequency bands. This can be confusing.

So, to help the user make sense of all these bands and what the antenna is capable of, Siretta’s new datasheets summarise this information into a table that includes the measured performance of the antenna on all the different bands, together with a traffic light system to show the antennas suitability at any band of interest.

LTE/5G Table

So what do the LTE/5G Band Coverages actually mean?

LTE, CAT-M/5G Bands: LTE band is the band number. 5G NR bands are prefixed with ‘n’ as specified by the
3GPP Standards body. Where 5G NR overlaps with 4G LTE, they use the same band number.

NB-IoT Band: Although NB-IoT is part of the LTE specification, it does not use all the bands used by LTE. Those
used are listed in the new datasheets.

Regional Coverage: This shows where the bands are typically used. However, many are country specific rather
than used through a region. The user is advised that this is a general statement and that band use in specific countries (and specific networks) be checked before use.

Uplink: The range of frequencies used for the uplink part of the band.

Downlink: The range of frequencies used by the downlink part of the band.

Average Efficiency % over band: The values provided here are taken from the Radiation Efficiency plot and are
the average values for the uplink and downlink respectively. A traffic light system gives a visual indication of how
Siretta perceives the antennas suitability for that band of operation, taking into account the Average Efficiency and VSWR

The post What do you need to know about LTE/5G Band Coverage? appeared first on Siretta Limited.

Radiation efficiency is an important parameter for those making antenna selections, but what is it and why is it important?

What is it?

Radiation efficiency is the ratio of the total power radiated by the antenna to the net power accepted by the antenna at its connector. This measurement is independent of impedance matching or polarization mismatch.

Why is it important?

An antenna with high efficiency will radiate a high proportion of the electrical power applied to it, whereas an antenna with poor efficiency will radiate a relatively low proportion of the electrical power, instead converting some of the electrical power into other energy forms such as heat. This stark contrast will ultimately affect performance with a high efficiency antenna producing much better results than a low efficiency antenna.

Since this is a ratio, the result will always be a number between 0 and 1 (since you can never output more than is put into the antenna). However, it is rare that the antenna radiation efficiency is presented in this way. Usually, it is presented as a percentage where a ratio of 0 = 0% and a ratio of 1 = 100% efficiency. Sometimes it may also be presented in decibels (dB) where an efficiency of 0.5 (50%) is -3 dB and an efficiency of 0.1 (10%) is -10 dB.

Siretta chooses to use percentage as the units of measurement of Antenna Radiation. Efficiency, as seen in the plot below which is taken from a test on one of our antennas.

Graph of Antenna Radiation Efficiency (%) vs. Frequency (MHz)

The post What is Radiation Efficiency appeared first on Siretta Limited.

Frequency of Interest and Standard Plot Cuts – Interpretation and Further Analysis.

Below, we show how to read the 2D Radiation charts, on our datasheets, to determine the performance provided for a frequency band.

Overview

There are two types of radiation plot provided from the same data. The 2D representation is a standard spherical data format used by test laboratories. This data is per IEEE Std 149 (1979) ‘IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas’ and uses the Phi axis rolling as per the ‘Great Circle Cut System’. Each of the standard datasheet cut planes may miss key information, as the maximum radiation point may not be present in the cut. The 3D plot shows an overview of the radiation energy at the spot frequency which is easier to visualise.

1440 MHz

1440 MHz XY                                                        XZ                                                                              YZ

1440 MHz

1440 MHz XY                                                        XZ                                                                              YZ

We can see from the two vertical cuts that the maximum radiation is better than displayed in the XY Horizontal plot. The 2 vertical cuts, in themselves, may also miss points that have better radiation at different angles. The 2D standard antenna plots only give a general indication of total performance and many plots are required to gain some insight into the overall performance. They are, however, more useful in determining values at specific points than the 3D plots.

The combination of the two different types of radiation plot allow for a more complete understanding of how the antenna performs. For each frequency band of interest, that your device will operate on, review the plots to ascertain if the particular antenna will work for you.

Key Take-aways:

1. That 2D XY Horizontal plot does not necessarily show the highest radiated energy.
The standard laboratory cuts do not always show the highest radiated energy, they are indicative of the overall pattern. However, they
are better for obtaining more accurate radiation levels than the 3D plot.
2. The 3D Plots are good for overall visualisation but more difficult to get exact radiation figures.
Use a combination of the two plot types, 2D and 3D, to obtain a better performance overview
3. There are other key parameters to consider like, VSWR / Return Loss and Radiation Efficiency.

About Siretta – Global manufacturer of IoT Solutions

A leading manufacturer and developer of IoT products, IoT software and IoT solutions. Our specialty being in providing these for Industrial markets and business to business applications. We have extensive knowledge and experience within IoT with a focus on cellular technologies in support of 2G (GPRS), 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE), NB-IoT and LTE Category M.

Supplying products globally for over a decade in support of many blue-chip organisations with an unrivalled level of regional and local technical expertise and applications knowledge ensures we exceed customer expectations in support of varied applications and deployments.

Our portfolio includes cellular modems & terminals, routers, cellular network analysers, RF antennas including solutions for WLAN, LoRa and Sigfox. We offer RF cable assemblies and RF accessories. Frequencies are typically within the 75MHz – 5.8GHz range covering the HF, VHF, ISM, Cellular, GNSS frequencies. We also offer bespoke customer solutions and our design services
are supported by an experienced team of dedicated development & application engineers as well as software specialists offering complete end to end solutions with a heavy emphasis on high level
system design.

We are your partner of choice in enabling your IoT solutions.

The post 2D Radiation Plots appeared first on Siretta Limited.

Even though 5G has been available since July 2019 availability has been slow to come online when compared with the equivalent coverage offered by 2G/3G and LTE. The impact in speed of deployment resulting from the smaller cell sizes and larger overall infrastructure required for the new technologies when compared to that deployed for previous standards.

The spectrums within 5G can be broken down into three categories, namely;

• Sub-GHz.
• 1 – 6 GHz.
• High band mmWave.

The “sub” 1 GHz spectrum is primarily used for 3G and 4G / LTE Cat 4 with this option offering broad coverage, good building penetration and with data speeds up to 100 Mbps. This spectrum is the focus of many wireless companies where the highest data rate is not a primary concern. Overall, the QoS of 5G makes mass market IoT a reality connecting large numbers of narrow-band devices sending and receiving small data packets on an infrequent basis.

LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT have co-existed with LTE/4G since 2017 both fulfilling all 5G requirements from the 3GPP and addressing different types of use cases. LTE Cat M is designed to support machine communications as a direct replacement for 2G / GSM and is more commonly referred to as Cat-M while NB-IoT is stand alone and essentially offers a lower bandwidth version of 2G / GSM such as CSD. Neither of these alternatives use significant bandwidth and both offer lower cost data plans with improved power efficiency and higher link-budgets with improved received sensitivity.

Despite the limited roll out of 5G the number of commercial adoptions using LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT continues to grow with solutions that are functional today and ready for 5G adoption as this becomes more readily available. Assistance with adoption and transition to the newer technologies being available and supported by companies like Siretta, the Industrial IoT company.

As forerunners to 5G, LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT devices will continue enabling the industrial IoT revolution and products are available from companies such as Siretta who offer a wide range of modem solutions such as the ZETA series of industrial products connecting equipment to the new LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT networks whilst also providing connectivity to the existing 2G / GSM cellular networks. These products are suitable for a wide variety of applications and requirements and Siretta offers a ‘modem selector tool’ to support your needs.

LTE Cat M is one of the earlier systems specified in the 3GPP release 13 and extended in Release 14. Specifically, it is a low power wide area network designed for IoT and has the advantage over other low power networks such as Sigfox or Lora. This is because it is owned and run by the 3GPP and is running on a licensed band as opposed to the ISM un-licensed bands which work by having rules in place on who can send data at any specific time along with the size and speed of data. This means that for these un-licensed options, the more connections in an area the more the bandwidth has to be reduced to accommodate the number of users, meaning the more traffic present in the network, the lower the message numbers and the lower the available payload.

LTE Cat M operates in small cell sizes meaning less users per cell allowing for equal bandwidth usage. Modern LTE and 5G encompasses high speed and high bandwidth channels for Video streaming and Social media. Yet, most IoT solutions only require small data packages on an infrequent basis so speed is generally not an issue. With LTE Cat M you have downlink speeds up to a maximum of 4Mbits/s and uplink speeds up to 7Mbits when compared to the latest categories of LTE and 5G which now offer Gigabit plus data rates.

As airtime contracts are based on data usage IoT use of low bandwidth will bring with it overall lower networks costs. Other advantages are the availability of services through third parties such as cloud services through the likes of AWS, Azure and Google. Connections are bidirectional, always connected and support OTA (over the air) firmware and software updates.

LTE Cat NB-IoT is an important part of 3GPP release 17 and already has more than 100 million deployed devices. Specifically designed for very low power and very low data rates, up to a maximum of 127kb/s, it is ideal for short range low power devices as the lower data rates and high sensitivity reduce power consumption. It is aimed at massive IoT rollout capable of scaling to 1 million devices per kilometer which is more than 10x the coverage of 4G and a critical component in 5G (cellular IoT). This is resulting in LTE Cat NB-IoT gaining recognition as a 5G standard and a key element in mMTC (massive machine type communications) especially for battery powered indoor short range IoT devices i.e. for payment terminals. Again, due to the lower data rates cost of air time contracts will be reduced dramatically.

LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT will continue to bridge the gap as we move towards an entirely LTE / 5G based network. Their lower costs will be a key element in driving mMTC with LTE Cat NB-IoT seen as a fundamental element in the role out of 5G. Most current 5G networks are in fact tweaked 4G networks meaning that when full 5G radio is installed all the current 3GPP standards will be transferred and supported on 5G. The current coverage for 5G is limited to high user areas but by adopting the LTE Cat M or LTE Cat NB-IoT standards, existing equipment can easily be migrated from legacy 2G / GSM and 3G / UMTS systems to 4G/LTE networks with confidence.

The choice of service between LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT should be considered an either/or decision and is more predicated around the use case and requirements of the end application. LTE Cat M with its higher bandwidth and lower latency clearly offers a better fit in certain use cases and applications vs. LTE Cat NB-IoT offering low bandwidth data connections, lower power and lower cost. It is also important to flag that the geographic role outs also have an impact with LTE Cat NB-IoT being more European focused vs. LTE Cat M which is seeing much faster adoption in the US.

LTE Cat M vs. LTE Cat NB-IoT Selection Criteria

LTE Cat M vs. LTE Cat NB-IoT Optimal Performance

There is no doubt that 5G will offer spectacular growth in IoT devices and in just a few years the availability of these networks will offer control and monitoring of very small devices to very large, sophisticated, streaming live, real time video and realtime critical devices.

To prepare for the explosion of lower bandwidth devices we can already adopt the LTE Cat M and LTE Cat NB-IoT benefits and these will continue to be developed and become available. As the networks expand coverage then the new Gigabit systems will become more useable. IoT device deployments could grow by billions of units. IHS Markit is predicting that 5G IoT deployments could balloon to around 140 billion devices by 2030.

Siretta understand the challenges faced in making the right hardware decision and we have developed our ‘Modem Selector tool’ to help reduce your time to market. Our portfolio includes cellular modems & terminals, industrial routers, cellular network analysers, RF antennas including solutions for WLAN, LoRa and Sigfox. We offer RF cable assemblies and RF accessories. Frequencies are typically within the 75MHz – 5.8GHz range covering the HF, VHF, ISM, Cellular, GNSS frequencies.

We also offer bespoke customer solutions, and our design services are supported by an experienced team of dedicated development & application engineers as well as software specialists offering complete end to end solutions with a heavy emphasis on high level system design.

The post Preparing for 5G – LTE Cat M vs. LTE Cat NB-IoT appeared first on Siretta Limited.