The key aspects of these technologies are that the user is likely to control and operate both ends of the radio link and the distances are typically 1 to 10s of meters. Because the distances involved are small, the radio network is likely to be in a home or a building. The radiation pattern of both antennas needs to be considered if the link distance of the radio standard being used is long.
The full three-dimensional model of the antenna’s radiation field may need to be considered as the radio links created may be both above and below the antenna, as well as on the same level.
Polarization also needs to be considered. Where the radio link is a short distance, there are unlikely to be many reflected radio signals and so the polarity of the signal leaving the transmitter is likely to be the same as that arriving on the receiving antenna.
While almost all antennas are vertical polarization, that is vertical polarization with respect to the XYZ orientation diagram provided in the data sheet.
An antenna mounted at a different angle will have a correspondingly angled polarization that ideally needs to be matched at the antenna at the other end of the link.